Pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide belonging to the group of strobilurins. It works by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungal cells. This mode of action disrupts cellular ATP production, which is essential for energy-dependent metabolic processes in fungi. Strobilurin was discovered and developed by BASF in the late 1990s and was first introduced commercially in 2001. It remains one of the most widely used fungicides globally due to its versatility and protective qualities against many economically important crop diseases.
Crop Disease Control with Pyraclostrobin
Strobilurin has proven effective in controlling several diseases that plague major food and fiber crops worldwide. In cereals like wheat, barley and rice, it provides outstanding control of foliar diseases such as leaf rust, stripe rust, brown rust, septoria leaf blotch and powdery mildew. This protects crop yields by preventing premature defoliation. When applied to fruits and vegetables, strobilurin protects crops from diseases such as early blight, late blight and powdery mildew of tomatoes, botrytis gray mold of grapes, downy mildew of cucurbits and alternaria black spot of crucifers. For specialty crops, it has label approvals to control diseases in berries, tree nuts, citrus and more. The broad spectrum of strobilurin makes it an essential tool in integrated pest management programs across diverse agriculture production systems.
Resistance Management through Mixed Modes of Action
As with other fungicides, there is concern that over-reliance on Pyraclostrobin could potentially lead to resistance development in target pathogens over time. Product labels therefore recommend adherence to fungicide resistance management strategies. These include mixing or alternating strobilurin with fungicides from different chemical classes that have dissimilar modes of action. Using such premix or tank-mix partners helps disrupt the potential for uniform selection pressure to evolve resistance in fungi. Examples include mixing with multisite contact fungicides, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors or respiratory inhibitors from different chemical subgroups than the strobilurins. Adhering to label restrictions on maximum number of sequential applications is also important for resistance prevention with strobilurin fungicides.
Favourable Toxicological and Environmental Profile
Assessment of strobilurin’s toxicological profile has shown it to have a low risk to humans and other non-target organisms when used according to label directions. It is rated by the U.S. EPA as practically non-toxic to oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Strobilurin is also considered non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic. Its environmental fate profile is characterized by rapid soil adsorption and low soil mobility, reducing risks of surface and groundwater contamination. Field studies and modelling indicate strobilurin has low impact on estuarine and marine life as well due to rapid degradation. This benign environmental and toxicological risk assessment has enabled widespread registration and usage of strobilurin products globally for agriculture and other applications.
Additional Uses in Turf, Forestry and Public Health
Beyond its main role as an agricultural fungicide, strobilurin has utility in other markets as well. In professional and homeowner turf management, it provides control of dollar spot, brown patch, gray leaf spot and other diseases affecting lawns, golf courses and sports fields. The forestry industry uses strobilurin products to protect commercially important tree species from fungal diseases during regeneration and production. Strobilurin also exhibits insecticidal properties, enabling its use against mosquito larvae for public health applications such as controlling vectors of diseases like West Nile virus and malaria. Overall, the compound’s activities against both fungal and insect pests lend it multi-purpose capabilities across numerous sectors.
Strobilurin is a broad-spectrum and highly effective fungicide belonging to the strobilurin industry. Since its introduction over 20 years ago, it has provided reliable control of yield- and quality-robbing challenges on many agricultural crops. Continuous product improvements have additionally refined formulations to optimize on-target delivery and crop safety. Looking ahead, the broad spectrum and resistance-mitigation attributes of pyraclostrobin will help sustain its utility as part of integrated fungicide programs. Continued registration expansion into new geographies and uses may further expand access to this valuable fungicide option. In summary, pyraclostrobin’s versatile properties cement its role as a leading strobilurin in global agriculture and related sectors into the foreseeable future.
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